THE HISTORY OF WITCHES

The Burning Times | The History of Witches Part 1

@elyanreed2925
Fun fact: a significant portion of my clan in Scotland were killed during the witch hunts for supposedly having satanic gatherings in the night. Looking back now, it is likely they were trading Druidic tradition in secret since it was so stigmatized by the English. Proud to say I now practice some of those traditions, keeping alive the practices that sentenced them to death
@admirador3239
So let me get this straight. The misconception of Witches was started by an old guy who got rejected by a woman?
@sashimichele4005
I read somewhere that the pointy hat were often worn by women who owned taverns, breweries. To signal their profession. They often kept cats to keep rodents from getting into the grain. Thus the relation between the pointy hat and cats, just another way to get women out of business. Wish I could remember the source, was very interesting. Great video BTW!
@HeavenlyEchoVirus
Jael S even more so, medicine (as explained in this video) was dominated by women. Then, all the history of the witch trials, the jailing of people distributing herbal remedies, the executions, etc. Suddenly men start taking up medicine. They study “physick” and so they were physicians, but wanted the prestige of the scholars and academics and thus started using the term “doctor”, and they keep women/witches out all the way up until they kick women out of the birthing process—midwives were so crucial and there was disastrous consequences (...and still are) by changing the way birthing had been done for so long. So, women are actually returning to medicine. (Physicians salaries, however, is a far more complex issue to go into, especially depending on where you live, due to general economic and government policy shifts.)
@Alusnovalotus
Yet male witches were renamed as “alchemists” and the only reason they were mostly spared was because alchemists wanted to create the philosophers’ stone to make gold out of lead for their masters. Gold is next to godliness and forgives all. -the pope.

Witches in Literature and Art | The History of Witches Part 2

@darkservantofheaven
Crowley also had a house right on the banks of Loch Ness. legend has it, that the house is haunted due to a botched summoning ritual. ten years after the failed ritual in 1912...the first reported modern sighting of the legendary Loch Ness Monster.....why hasnt this been made into a movie!
@thaddaeuswecker6928
Unfortunately, Sir Terry Pratchett's "Discworld" series was not mentioned. Almost every single installment is either focused on, or directly based on Wizards and Witches, and in a VERY satirical sense. "The Colour of Magic, and Wyrd Sisters immediately come to mind. Some people have even surmised that, J.K. Rowling heavily based the Harry Potter world on Pratchett's work. That is a debate for another time.
@henryg.1719
When discussing Grimm fairy tales in this time I think it's important to note that the Grimm Brothers edited them to be more Christian and, because of the views they held, more misogynistic.

Witches in Horror Movies | The History of Witches Part 3

@QueerComics1994
In regards to the VVitch: I think you may have a negative read of the ending. The VVitch has a happy ending because of what the witches represent in the film. Tomasin is about to become a woman in the film, and due to the time period she lives in, everyone in her life uses her and tells her what to be. She is commanded, objectified, blamed, disregarded, ostracized, and lusted after for being a woman. The witches and Black Phillip offer a way out of her oppression, asking if she'd like to live deliciously. Eventually, she agrees to leave behind the society that didn't value her as a person and become a witch, one of her own agency and without oppression from her peers. After she is freed from her family and enters the circle, she is literally lifted off of the Earth. She rises above what society deems she should be and lives by her own rules. Black Philip and the Witches are not the villains, Puritanism and paranoia are.

https://letterboxd.com/coydog/list/in-praise-of-shadowss-witches-in-film/

What really happened during the Salem Witch Trials - Brian A. Pavlac

You’ve been accused of a crime you did not commit. It’s impossible to prove your innocence. If you insist that you’re innocent anyway, you’ll likely be found guilty and executed. But if you confess, apologize, and implicate others, you’ll go free. This was the choice facing those accused of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts in the 17th century. How did this happen? Brian A. Pavlac investigates.
@jjlikestea4815
A random person: I’m not a witch! The whole town: that’s exactly what a witch would say
@nwec777
My dad use to tell me that “Witches” was just people smarter kind of like scientists, and they was hung because the ‘Normal’ people didn’t understand science back then, or something like that lol
@leemurray814
Lived in Boston for 20 years and visited a lot of the witch related tours, museums, archives etc. The town was Salem Village which is now called Danvers. The girls were playing out based on stories they heard from Tituba, and playing pranks. They kept it up after it got serious among the adults out of fear, just like everyone else. But the real thing going on there was that some people saw it as an opportunity to grab land from their neighbors. Started with accusing social outsiders and grew. If you were accused, you lost your land and the accusers were grabbing it. The part about not being able to prove your innocence and being killed if you tried (Puritan mindset) was the reason they could get away with it but also the reason why they couldn't stop the situation until the governor rushed back from Maine when his wife was accused and immediately put a stop to the insanity. They even hanged a dog for chrissakes.

Witchcraft: Crash Course European History #10

During our last several episodes, Europe and the European-controlled world have been in crisis. Wars, disease, climate changes, and shifts in religious and political power threw the European world into turmoil. People were looking for a scapegoat, and for many it was a time of magical thinking. So, maybe witches were responsible for all the problems? It was a popular idea, but, alas, the witches weren't responsible.
Sources:
Godbeer, Richard, ed. The Salem Witch Hunt: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2018.
Kupperman, Karen. Indians and English: Facing Off in Early America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000. Plus additional personal communications.
Parker, Geoffrey. Global Crisis: War, Climate Change, and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013.
Roper, Lyndall. Oedipus and the Devil: Witchcraft, Sexuality and Religion in Early Modern Europe. London: Routledge, 1994.
Roper, Lyndal. The Witch in the Western Imagination, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2012.

Witches and Hags: Crash Course World Mythology #39

In which Mike Rugnetta teaches you about the stories we tell about witches and hags. It's definitely unfortunate that a lot of social orders have generated stories about evil women with magical powers. Today we're going to look at a few of those stories, and talk a little about why these stories appear, and what they mean.

Loose Canon: The Wicked Witch of the West

From your earliest childhood nightmare to a tragically misunderstood intellectual, let's take a look at how the Wicked Witch of the West has changed over the years.
@aenjgeal
Margaret Hamilton was also probably the only person who was actually nice to Judy Garland on set
@katherinepagan4860
Not gonna lie, when she brought up that Disney can't get its hands on the 1939 copyright after being responsible for destroying public domain....the biggest, evilest smile split across my face
@nikap18
Slavic fun facts: the polish word for a witch is "wiedźma" which has its roots in the word "wiedza", meaning knowledge. In pre-christian days, witches were respected in polish culture as healers and advisors - until the association with the devil that Lindsay mentioned. They were often accused not only of worshiping the devil but also engaging in sexual acts with him and a theory about the brooms is that they were supposed to represent the devil's phallus. So there ya go. Also, in south slavic languages Zelena literally means "green". The witch in Once Upon a Time is called Greenie.
@krtong
"She's a woman scorned, by james franco of all people." This made me laugh a lot harder than It probably should've.

the evolution of witches in film: the wizard of oz to hocus pocus to american horror story

@trinaq
I never really liked Glinda's line "Only Bad witches are ugly", since it implies that beauty and morality are automatically aligned, which naturally isn't always the case.
@duanerichardsii9307
Kiki’s Delivery Service is also an interpretation (one of the first I saw) of witches that was completely and totally positive. Not even an inkling that being a witch was anything less than cool and accepted.
@RowanElliss
It's also really important to acknowledge the history of antisemitic stereotypes present in the witch caricature. Hooked noses, warts, green/discolored skin, evil/greedy motivations, etc. are all associated with stereotypes of Jewish people. I'm not the most knowledgeable on the subject, so I highly recommend looking up the history of these stereotypes for yourself. It's truly disgusting how this caricature is overlooked and normalized.
@vysharra
The pointed hats and broomsticks likely go back to brewer-women in Western Europe during the Middle Ages, which would have been some of the very few *economically liberated women in that era. The anti-women sentiment of the stereotype may be as old (and seemingly as inevitable) as the anti-Semitic elements you mentioned.
@monikakavaliunaite8017
I'm kinda surprised you didn't mention the new trilogy "Fear Street" which revolves around a witche's curse and is all about going against the audience expectations
@abbyniloingsigh7188
Just before the advent of Harry Potter, there was a very popular series in Britain called ‘The Worst Witch’, which followed a girls school for witches.

The Witch Trope, Explained

@DaemonKrown
For many years, the term "witch" was kinda an insult to a woman, while "wizard" was a compliment to males. It was never about the magic, it was about the stereotype all along
@sugasweet1239
Don’t forget about Disney’s Twitches with Tia and Tamera Mowry which flipped the witch trope completely on it’s head. Two beautiful mixed raced witches born of a black mother and white father sent to save the world of Coventry twice by defeating “the darkness”. Each with their own identity that highlights the amazing balance and power achieved by being an individual yet part of a team. Pretty impressive now that I’m old enough to realize it
@tripsplat
I'm really interested in the "witches want to harm children" angle, especially since a lot of women who were persecuted for witchcraft were midwives and women with medical knowledge specifically pertaining to pregnancy and birth - and a lot of their literature that was burnt or destroyed is thought to have been informational on those subjects. An inherent distrust of women who control their bodies and sexuality, and choose not to reproduce, plus the demonization and persecution of women who have and share knowledge of the common "female" body and reproduction...? Sounds pretty familiar.
@starbell1566
Good video, but a little disappointed in how often "The Witches" by Roald Dahl was referenced yet failed to note how his antisemitism greatly influenced the depiction of witches in his book. In fact a lot of antisemitism goes into the witch stereotype overall.
@thisnigerianlovesdrinkingg4522
I think it’s interesting how witchcraft representation differs among races and continents

Legacy, Chronicle & Every Other Reimagining of The Craft

@sydneeellison99
I wish Rochelle had a deeper story besides being the object of racism. while i like her revenge against laura who clearly deserved everything she had coming to her i just wish we knew more about Rochelle.
@LaneMaxfield
Rochelle got so shortchanged in the film! It did feel very "and one of them's Black, so her problem is being Black. On to the next character!"
@Yharazayd
what’s more interesting is that rochelle’s character wasn’t written as black initially. they added that apparently after rachel true tried out for the part. so, i imagine before she was cast, the character had even less of a background lol
@deadgirls3874
I'm tired of movies using a womens period as a means of horror, the craft in the original was way more accurate ( even with the dramatics) , the girls in the original looked more like what outcast would look like and this is not an insult being a rocker girl who dresses goth, punk and metal , I liked how each of them had a look that was more believable as being an outcast and had real issues .I liked how Nancy was very alternative looking it's like unless its a blazing stereotype their afraid to add an alternative character to a lot of shows now.
@0Trixa0
(CW: menstruation details) Weird flex, but as someone who had VERY heavy (bleed through several layers) and VERY irregular (every 3-6 months at random) periods I can confirm you're never gonna get it dripping like in The Craft Legacy. Bleeding through your jeans and leaving a smear on the seat and a butt stain after starting unexpectedly? Totally has happened to me, VERY relatable. Dripping out the back? Girl has PCOS and probably burst a cyst and should be writhing in pain.
@kittygrimm7301
Wait a minute. In the original film, it's actually Sarah who's the natural witch and it's implied that the rest of the coven are just leeching off her powers, so how the hell did David Dckasdfghjklvny steal Nancy's powers if she didn't really have any?
@josiestavely8724
the reason i love the craft so much is that it has such empathy for teen girls' anger. it understands how bieng an outsider and having to struggle can make you do hurtful things. nancy wasn't right in her intention to kill sarah but she wasn't a villian, at least by my interpretation. she's a girl who experienced sexual abuse from her stepfather, and when she tried to defend another girl against the same thing, she was thanked by bieng ostracized from the one place she felt safe. the craft: legacy could have expanded on these themes, especially in lending this degree of complexity and empathy to it's black characters, but instead it cashed in on the trendiness of witchcraft and was more concerned with aesthetics than story. i know everyone on set was working hard and had the best of intentions, but it was ultimately very disappointing to me. amazing video as always, you have such smart analysis of so many interesting topics
@kaskus7147
The magic "glitter" and shiny auras take it to a very Disney or Sabrina (the t.v. show) level. I get the feeling that this movie wasn't supposed to be a Craft when it was first written. It seems like it was shoved in at the end. I think people tend to forget that there is a desperation to Nancy. She has felt so powerless for so long that the idea of it being taken away makes her willing to do anything to keep the control.
@powerpuff4ever
Making sure to have Black and Hispanic and trans characters in the coven should have opened up legitimate conversations about experiences and the anger and otherness that comes with those classifications but instead they got throw away lines of acknowledgement and the coven as a whole got pushed aside to pay attention to the single character without anything to really complain about outside of being the new kid. I really liked Lily but why were we only told that Lorde is trans but didn’t see any of that make its way into the narrative? Why did Tabbie have to mention wishing she had more black friends and fearing for her family in a wedged in game of 2 truths 1 lie but we get no displays or causes for that fear or the loneliness that comes with not having a community that understands your specific experiences? And was there even anything distinct said about Frankie?? I missed the friendship, I missed the other characters having lives and reasons behind their otherness, I missed interactions that weren’t just screaming about the new spell the group mastered. Overall, I thought the movie was cute - loved the costuming, the aesthetics, even some of the heavy handed representation - but it got so caught up in making sure it connected to The Craft that it left behind it’s characters for the sake of a weak plot. It was also just generally disappointing that they introduced a magic villain to represent the patriarchy that ultimately had way more details about her than even slightly realistic and in the end the girls don’t see any true consequence of abusing magick or not trusting their friendship.

we need to talk about the craft: legacy (a review) ✨

@kitty-lz9jj
The “we are the weirdos mister” part was so much more natural and so much more badass in the original. It seems so forced here.
@SodaVampire
The Craft is “dated” in the sense that’s its obviously in the 90s, but it isn’t cheesy and “how do you do fellow kids?” about it. It comes across as very natural and how young people would actually talk and dress. They aren’t caricatures of teens, they are characters. From the clips/reviews I’ve seen of Legacy they were being way to obvious about how much they want to appeal to the modern teen demographic and comes across as cringey and fake.
@gracecaddick3279
The best part of the original Craft was how grounded the magic was. The use of practical effects made the magic seem tangible in a way that at first left you guessing whether or not it was all just coincidence or if they actually have powers. Time stopping magic is so stupid and is such a rip off of charmed. In the original craft the types of magic they used were all in line with actual witchcraft practices.
@maggie5990
“We’re going to remake the Craft and it’s going to be more diverse and inclusive than the first one!” Protagonist is a cis, straight white girl whose friends of color are only there to prop her up, and calling them “1 dimensional” would be too generous. Please Hollywood, stop doing this.

The Evolution of Black Witches on Screen | BFTV

@saramatthews7159
I loved watching Angela Bassett play the VooDoo Queen in American Horror Story. She knocked that role out of the park (as she does with every role she plays).
@kaim0nd
Hoodoo and Voodoo are two different practices. Hoodoo is a practice from the American South and Voodoo/Vodou is a Religion that originated in Haiti. This is a very important distinction to heed, otherwise, I'm excited about this video!
@kweenkartel
Vodou/voodoo is originated in Benin not Haiti
@witchplease9695
@kweenkartel yes, but Haitians descend from Benin, Congo, the kingdom of Dahomey, and other West African countries!
@rilakkumabear6877
The trope of the slave falling for the master has to go. Like no one is asking for this romance plot
@jonelletate6304
It is so important to point out how witchcraft and voodoo and hoodoo are all very different practices and how voodoo and hoodoo have heavy African spirituality influences and that African spirituality is not evil. I am so glad you made this video.
@RoYo310
Great video. We absolutely need better depictions of black witches in cinema. Early portrayals of black witches were rooted in fear. Same reason our spiritual traditions were stripped from us during the slave trade. I, like many others, have chosen to take back some of those traditions. I enjoyed Mazelle Batiste Delacroix (Debbie Morgan) in Eve's Bayou. While her life was tragic, she was strong and had great confidence in her intuition and her beliefs. Thanks BFTV for this thought provoking topic.
@joshrichards811
One of my favorite Black Witches of all time, Is Karaba. She’s from the movie Kirikou and the Sorcress. Beautiful French Cartoon Cinema. You don’t see her outright casting spells or doing magic, but it’s heavily applied, shown and outright say she’s a witch. The movie is way better in the French dub, it has an English dub but it doesn’t give off the same effect the French one does. I don’t want to spoil anything because it’s such a great watch if you have no context and go in blind. Definitely one my favorite portrayals of a witch. And it’s 2d animated.
@trentking9436
Fun fact: Hocus Pocus was written for Whoopi Goldberg and Jennifer Lewis and Sister Act was originally for Bette Midler but scheduling conflicts caused the swap
@davidprice1534
Love this type of content! Debbi Morgan also played the Seer on charmed and although she worked for the Source, they did give her character some range! And you probably use the term witch for only women but Donal Faison and Alimi Ballard both played witches on Sabrina the Teenage Witch and I liked the representation of both of them on that show. Yusuf Gatewood was on the originals as well, which ties into the new orleans theme of this video, unfortunately the white savior trope was prevalent in this role, but this was lightly addressed as well.
@jettblifted
Great topic! I watched the entire video and you did an awesome job. Its so interesting how zombies went from a puppeteered individual only a vodoo priest/ess could create to a Hollywood monster of the living dead. My favorite is Marie Laveau. I was intrigued by the idea of two historical figures, Laveau and Madame LaLaurie, knowing eachother being that they lived in New Orleans in the same time period. I liked the idea of Laveau seeking revenge on behalf of enslaved people that LaLaurie horrifically murdered. Still, I can understand criticism for Laveau being protrayed as Black savior, or magical Negro, for how far writers took the story with the coven and everything. Nonetheless, Angela Bassett did the thing! I think the movie Spell with Loretta Devine and Omari Hardwick would be a great addition to your analysis. It's a thriller examining how practitioners of the spiritual arts can also be charlatans.
@dennisfredericks7626
Love your work. I wish you mentioned "The Serpent and the Rainbow", which scarred me for life. And our hometown favorite, the ridiculously bad, "Weekend at Bernies II". Great work as always, I love the creative topics!
@KraXoom
There’s a new series called Wicked City that’s actually surprisingly decent. Not a great representation but definitely a step in a good direction.
@maleikatwisk9911
Azealia Banks will always be my fav Black witch

A Black Women’s History of Hoodoo, Conjure, & Witchcraft

@colettehylan19
We were taught to fear witches and not the ones that burned them.
@simplystephanie2channel
My girl I’m from a family of conjure women and all you said was true. But you didn’t mention many women like mine were real doctors that used roots, herbs and poisons from plants and animals to treat illness and deliver babies along with a natural form of birth control. I still did really enjoy this video especially you showing that these practices covered many areas of America and not just my beloved Louisiana
@Trollamite
Another thing I’ve noticed, is that in the black community, we tend to always say that black folks who have gotten rich and famous, without a sob story of how they had to sell crack to take care of their families, are apart of some evil secret society, have done some kind of humiliation ritual, or have sacrificed a loved one, But we’ll listen to our favorite rappers talk about killing other black people all the time and think nothing of it. It’s weird. We kind of pick and choose.
PS: you are the GOAT
@SpiritSoPoetic
“The extremely unforgivable sin of not providing reparations”!!
@presidenttogekiss635
As someone who grew up in Brazil, where afro-brazilian candomble magic was considered a common thing, I always found funny how SINISTER american movies made vodoo look. Like, we always had the radical christians trying to get rid of it here, but in terms of media, you´d be more likely to find a macumba being used a plot point for a comedy than a horror.
@kimallnaturelle
As a Haitian-American, I appreciate the effort put in to make this. I'm Christians Protestant but revere and respect Vodun. There is a big rift in the Haitian community. It is so sad that our culture is being deemed "demonic." I understand the science behind some of the "magic" used in some Vodun practices. I keep telling folx to unlearn what European countries attempt to pass as African-based spiritual practices. Nordic and Asian spirituality is not demonized life ours. The antiblackness is real. I recognize my ancestors' use of Vodun for healing and creating community. I'll never say that is "demonic." Many of my Christians experiences have been through the lens of my culture. It impacts my spirituality, faith, and practices in Christianity.

Why Can’t Black Witches Get Some Respect in Popular Culture?
https://www.vulture.com/2017/10/black-witches-why-cant-they-get-respect-in-pop-culture.html

The Wiz 1975 Musical

Twitches


Juju: The Web Series


Wicked City (TV 2022)


Kirikou and the Sorceress / Kirikou et la Sorcière

The Real Story Of Karaba - Makeup Transformation

Admire our model's impressive transformation into Karaba while listening to her incredible story. Everybody knows Kirikou and the Sorceress, but who really knows her true backstory? The way Karaba isolates herself from the rest of the villagers reflects the sense of exile and alienation Karaba experiences. You’ll learn all about Karaba and understand why she hates men.

Bonnie Bennett's Seasonal Hairstyles/Wigs - The Vampire Diaries

The Unsung Hero of Vampire Diaries| CHARACTER ANALYSIS: TVD's Bonnie Bennett

@camcam7463
The way they treated Bonnie at the end was horrible I loved her so much and wanted her to have that happy ending
@PurpleLemon22
there was definitely racial prejudice against Bonnie, she was used as the "magical negro" stereotype. it makes me so sad, she was such an amazing character.
@vanessahernandez6084
Not only did they do her character dirty, constantly, but most of those wigs and weaves they put on that poor girl was the real disrespect
@ntzdnlvor
We have to say it like it is. Bonnie was treated like a slave. We all know why she was treated like that and why fans had the audacity not to like her while she was the only reason everyone stayed alive.
@nisie_nerivor
"We need Bonnie. Bonnie will find a way. Bonnie will have the answer." They always needed her something. Just because she had magic doesnt mean she had the answers. She literally died for everyone and I dont think she ever got a thank you from everyone

The Mysterious Slave Behind the Salem Witch Trials | Tituba

@AliciaNyblade
I think Tituba realized she was doomed no matter what she said, so she thought, "If they want a show, I'll give these bastards a show."
@emilysigmund1255
Tituba was a clever woman. She played the puritan mindset perfectly and saved her own life for it.
@cybeliandiamonds6445
We don’t practice voodoo in Barbados. We have our own practices. She might have practiced Obeah, but if she was Amerindian from the mainland, she likely had her own magical system. It annoys me when people say all brown English based magic is voodoo and Spanish magic is Santeria. It’s ignorance.
@willowraevynwood865
I've often wondered if Tituba has any living descendants. Unfortunately, we'll never know for sure.

Snow Queens and Winter Witches from Around the World

https://folklorethursday.com/folktales/top-10-snow-queens-and-winter-hags-from-around-the-world-2/

• La Befana, the Italian Christmas Witch
• Babushka
• Snegurochka: The Russian Snow Maiden
• Mother Holda and Frau Perchta
• Skadi
• Gryla, the Monstrous Giant of Scandinavian Tradition
• Oshiroi Baba, the Japanese Face Powder Hag
• Gunnhild, Mother of Kings: A Viking Witch Queen Slandered by the Sagas
• The Cailleach
• Morana

The Winter Queens: Hags, Witches, Sovereigns and Goddesses of Winter
https://medium.com/wheel-cross/the-...vereigns-and-goddesses-of-winter-dcd8e4a92eed

A Dress Historian Explains the History of the Witch Hat

Where does the iconic black pointed witch's hat come from? What is the history of the witch hat? Did it come from Medieval European sumptuary laws? British Alewives? Quakers? Let's sit down and unpack the very interesting history of the flat-brimmed, conical, black witch hat. Learn more about the Burnley and Trowbridge Mantua-Making Workshop Here: http://bit.ly/mantuamakingbt (Again, this is NOT sponsored! I just think this is a fantastic opportunity for anyone who wants to learn about 18th-century mantua making/dressmaking and hand sewing techniques.) While 2020 has been a wild ride, I think we can all agree that the explosion of interest in the occult, magic, and all things witchy has been a fun bright spot in what has been a rough year. I have seen loads and loads of witchy photoshoots and witch aesthetic videos explode all over TikTok, Instagram, and Youtube. With this surge of interest in all things Witchy™ it got me to thinking about the origins of the witch's hat. Where did it come from? What is the history of this hat? Who originally wore this hat? Is it ok to wear this hat today? So, ever the nerd, and deeply frustrated by the lack of quality internet research, I set out to see if I could find out the actual history of the witch's hat. It sent me down a very long rabbit hole (I got grad school flashbacks, y'all.) To understand the history of the witch's hat, we first have to understand the history of witches, so our story begins around 1100 CE, with a fun pit stop in the 15th-century and that hot piece of trash known as Malleus Maleficarum (or The Witch's Hammer OR the Hammer of Witches - depending on the translation), through 16th-century women's fashion, a brief chat about Mother Louse and Alewives, and finally ending up with female Quakers and anti-Quakerism in 17th century Britain. Y'all. It was a ride. While I'm proud of the research I present in this video, I am still researching this topic and am working with Kenna Libes ( / kenna.sews ) on turning this into an academic article. Who knows, maybe in 2021, I'll do a follow-up video where I roast myself on my own conclusions!